Acne

Acne is a common skin condition influenced by several etiologic factors, including:

1. Hormonal Changes: Increased androgen levels stimulate sebaceous glands to produce more oil, especially during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy.
2. Excess Sebum Production: Overactive sebaceous glands can clog pores.
3. Clogged Hair Follicles: Dead skin cells and sebum combine to block pores, creating a favorable environment for acne.
4. Bacterial Overgrowth: Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) thrives in clogged pores, causing inflammation.
5. Inflammation: Localized inflammation contributes to redness and swelling.

Other factors include:

• Genetics (family history of acne).
• Stress, which may exacerbate acne by stimulating hormone production.
• Diet (high glycemic index foods or dairy products may trigger acne in some).
• Certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, hormonal contraceptives).
• Improper skincare (harsh cleansers, non-comedogenic products).

When to Seek Professional Help:

Consider seeing a dermatologist if:

• Acne is severe (e.g., nodules, cysts) or leaving scars.
• Over-the-counter treatments are ineffective after 8-12 weeks.
• It negatively affects self-esteem or quality of life.
• You notice sudden, widespread acne or associated symptoms (e.g., hormonal imbalances).
• There are signs of infection, such as warmth, pus, or excessive redness.