Giardia

Christopher Hobbs:

“Giardia is a pear-shaped protozoa inhabiting the small intestines of humans, that can cause such symptoms as nausea, diarrhea, and intestinal cramping. Like Candida albicans and other potentially pathogenic species, they can be present in the gut but not cause symptoms. They can also interfere with the absorption of nutrients under some circumstances.”

Etiologic Factors and Causes of Giardia

Giardia is caused by Giardia lamblia (or Giardia intestinalis), a microscopic protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine. Transmission typically occurs via:

• Contaminated water: Drinking or swimming in water contaminated with feces is a primary source.
• Food contamination: Eating improperly washed fruits, vegetables, or other foods handled by infected individuals.
• Person-to-person contact: Common in settings like daycares or among close contacts.

Risk Factors

• Traveling to areas with poor sanitation.
• Consuming untreated water during outdoor activities.
• Poor hygiene or exposure to infected individuals.
• Having a compromised immune system.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you notice:

• Persistent diarrhea: Lasting more than a few days.
• Severe dehydration: Symptoms like dry mouth, reduced urination, or dizziness.
• Unintentional weight loss or malnutrition.
• Severe abdominal cramps, bloating, or nausea that interferes with daily activities.
• Symptoms in vulnerable groups like young children, pregnant women, or immunocompromised individuals.

A stool test may be required to confirm the presence of Giardia and rule out other causes.