Intestinal obstruction

Christopher Hobbs:

“An intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage that prevents intestinal contents from passing through the bowel. The obstruction can be either mechanical or non-mechanical. With mechanical obstruction, passage through the intestines is physically blocked, either by impacted fecal material, accumulation of scar tissue, foreign bodies or other causes. In non-mechanical obstruction, infection or injury leads to paralysis of the intestines.”

Etiologic Factors:

1. Mechanical Obstruction:
   • Adhesions: Scar tissue from previous surgeries can cause the intestines to stick together.
   • Hernias: A portion of the intestine can protrude through a weak spot in the abdominal wall.
   • Tumors: Growths in the intestines or surrounding areas can block the passage.
   • Intussusception: One part of the intestine telescopes into another.
   • Volvulus: Twisting of the intestine can lead to blockage.
2. Non-mechanical Obstruction:
   • Paralytic ileus: A condition where the muscles of the intestine do not function properly, causing a blockage without a physical obstruction.

Symptoms to Look Out For:

• Abdominal pain or cramping: Often severe and may come in waves.
• Bloating and distension: Swelling of the abdomen.
• Nausea and vomiting: Vomiting that may contain bile or stool.
• Constipation: Inability to pass gas or stool.
• Loss of appetite and inability to eat or drink without discomfort.

When to Seek Professional Help:

• Severe pain or cramping: Persistent or worsening pain, especially if it’s sharp or sudden.
• Signs of dehydration: Dry mouth, dizziness, or dark urine.
• Fever: May indicate an infection.
• Inability to pass stool or gas: Particularly if it lasts more than a few hours.
• Vomiting fecal material: This suggests a serious blockage or bowel perforation.