Pleurisy

Pleurisy is an inflammation of the protective sack that surrounds the lungs, the pleura. It is always associated with an infection or inflammation of the lung or other local tissues.

Etiologic and Contributing Factors for Pleurisy

Pleurisy (pleuritis) is inflammation of the pleura, the thin layers of tissue surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. It can arise from various causes, including:

1. Infections:
   • Viral: Common, often linked to respiratory infections like influenza.
   • Bacterial: Conditions like pneumonia or tuberculosis.
   • Fungal: Rare, but possible in immunocompromised individuals.
2. Autoimmune Diseases:
   • Lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can cause inflammation in the pleura.
3. Pulmonary Conditions:
   • Pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs).
   • Lung cancer, which can irritate the pleura.
4. Injuries or Trauma:
   • Rib fractures or chest injuries can lead to pleural inflammation.
5. Medication Side Effects:
   • Some drugs (e.g., certain chemotherapy agents or amiodarone) can induce pleuritis.
6. Other Conditions:
   • Chronic diseases such as kidney failure, pancreatitis, or pleural effusion (fluid buildup in the pleural space).

When to Seek Professional Help

It’s important to watch for the following signs and consult a healthcare provider:

• Severe or Worsening Chest Pain: Pain that intensifies with deep breathing, coughing, or sneezing.
• Difficulty Breathing: Shortness of breath or a feeling of heaviness in the chest.
• Fever or Chills: Suggestive of an infection.
• Coughing Up Blood: Could indicate a more serious underlying issue (e.g., pulmonary embolism or lung cancer).
• Persistent Symptoms: If symptoms last more than a few days or worsen over time.
• Sudden, Severe Symptoms: Especially if associated with dizziness, rapid heart rate, or fainting.