Pruritis

Christopher Hobbs:

“Pruritis is itching of the skin or mucous membranes, sometimes accompanied by various nervous disorders such as herpes. Pruritis can also accompany infections of the vagina or mouth.”

Etiologic Factors:

1. Skin Conditions:
   • Eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, hives, and fungal infections (e.g., athlete’s foot) are common causes of localized or generalized itching.
2. Allergies:
   • Contact dermatitis or food allergies can trigger itching, often associated with rashes or swelling.
3. Systemic Conditions:
   • Liver disease, kidney disease, thyroid dysfunction, and certain cancers (e.g., lymphoma) can cause generalized itching.
4. Infections:
   • Parasitic infections (lice, scabies), fungal infections, and viral infections (e.g., chickenpox) may cause itching.
5. Dry Skin:
   • Environmental factors like cold weather or dehydration can lead to dry skin and itching, especially in older adults.
6. Medications:
   • Some medications (e.g., opioids, antibiotics) can cause side effects, including pruritus.
7. Psychological Factors:
   • Stress, anxiety, and depression can contribute to or exacerbate itching.

When to Seek Professional Help:

• Severe or Persistent Itching: If itching lasts for weeks or worsens over time, it may indicate an underlying condition that requires medical attention.
• Signs of Infection: If there is swelling, redness, warmth, or pus, it may indicate a secondary infection requiring treatment.
• Systemic Symptoms: When pruritus is accompanied by fever, unexplained weight loss, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), it could indicate a systemic issue like liver disease.
• Allergic Reactions: If itching is associated with difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or a widespread rash, immediate medical attention is necessary.