Rhinitis, acute

Christopher Hobbs

“Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes. It can be associated with an allergic reaction, for instance to pollen or dust mites, or a viral infection during colds or flu. If rhinitis becomes chronic, food allergies or a weakened immune system are often important factors.”

Etiologic and Contributing Factors of Rhinitis:

1. Allergic Rhinitis: Triggered by allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander. Often seasonal or perennial.
2. Non-Allergic Rhinitis: Caused by irritants like smoke, pollution, strong odors, or weather changes. Includes vasomotor rhinitis.
3. Infections: Recurrent or untreated sinus infections can lead to persistent rhinitis.
4. Structural Issues: Deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, or enlarged turbinates.
5. Medications: Overuse of nasal decongestant sprays (rhinitis medicamentosa) or side effects from drugs like beta-blockers or NSAIDs.
6. Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, menstruation, or thyroid disorders.
7. Occupational Exposure: Prolonged exposure to workplace irritants or chemicals.
8. Immune or Chronic Disorders: Autoimmune diseases or chronic illnesses like cystic fibrosis.

When to Seek Professional Help:

• Symptoms persist for more than 4 weeks without improvement.
• Severe nasal obstruction affecting breathing or sleep.
• Recurrent sinus infections or green/yellow nasal discharge.
• Facial pain, swelling, or pressure, especially around the eyes or forehead.
• Frequent nosebleeds or noticeable nasal deformity.
• Loss of sense of smell or taste that doesn’t improve.
• Symptoms interfering significantly with daily life despite home remedies.