Tonsils, infected–acute

Christopher Hobbs:

“Infected tonsils can result in inflammation, which is known as tonsillitis. It can be related to bacterial or viral pathogens and leads to such symptoms as sore throat, swollen tonsils, fever, and difficulty swallowing.”

Infected tonsils, often diagnosed as tonsillitis, can result from a variety of etiological factors:

1. Infectious Causes

• Viral Infections: The most common cause, including viruses like adenovirus, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus (which causes mononucleosis), and rhinovirus.
• Bacterial Infections: Streptococcus bacteria (Group A Streptococcus) are a common cause, leading to strep throat. Other bacteria can also be involved.
• Fungal or Parasitic Infections: Less common but can cause tonsillitis in immunocompromised individuals.

2. Other Contributing Factors

• Environmental Factors: Exposure to pollutants, allergens, or second-hand smoke can irritate the tonsils.
• Poor Hygiene: Can facilitate the transmission of the pathogens that cause tonsillitis.
• Chronic Tonsil Issues: Recurrent infections or persistent inflammation of the tonsils can lead to more frequent infections.
• Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV, cancer treatment, or autoimmune diseases may predispose individuals to more frequent infections.

When to Seek Professional Help:

• Severe Sore Throat: Persistent pain, especially when swallowing, may indicate bacterial infection.
• High Fever: A fever above 101°F (38.3°C) or lasting more than 48 hours is concerning.
• Difficulty Breathing or Swallowing: This could indicate swelling of the tonsils that is obstructing the airway.
• White or Yellow Patches on Tonsils: Often suggests a bacterial infection like strep throat.
• Ear Pain, Headache, or Rash: Could signal a more serious infection or complications.
• Persistent Symptoms: If symptoms do not improve after a few days or worsen, medical evaluation is needed.