Urine retention

Christopher Hobbs:

“Urine retention can be associated with a spasm of the ureter because of inflammation, or in men, with an enlargement of the prostate gland.”

Urine retention, or the inability to fully empty the bladder, can result from various etiologic factors. These include:

1. Obstructive Causes:

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Common in men, an enlarged prostate can block urine flow.
• Urethral Stricture: Narrowing of the urethra due to injury or infection.
• Bladder Stones: These can block the urethra or cause irritation.
• Constipation: Large bowel movements can press on the bladder or urethra, causing obstruction.

2. Neurological Causes:

• Spinal Cord Injuries: Damage to the spinal cord may disrupt signals that control bladder function.
• Multiple Sclerosis: A neurological disease that can affect bladder control.
• Diabetes: Can lead to diabetic neuropathy affecting bladder nerves.

3. Medications:

• Anticholinergics, opioids, and sedatives can interfere with bladder contraction and relaxation.

4. Infections:

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Infections can cause swelling and irritation of the bladder and urethra, leading to retention.

5. Functional Causes:

• Overactive Bladder (OAB): The bladder may contract involuntarily, making it hard to fully empty.

Signs to Seek Professional Help:

• Severe pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis.
• Inability to urinate despite the sensation of needing to go.
• Blood in urine (hematuria).
• Fever, chills, or signs of infection.
• Sudden onset of urinary retention or a dramatic change in urination pattern.
• Frequent or urgent need to urinate but little or no output.

If any of these occur, especially in combination, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.