Cough, chronic

Etiologic Factors for Chronic Cough

A chronic cough (lasting over 8 weeks) may arise from various underlying causes:

1. Respiratory-related factors:
   • Asthma: Associated with wheezing and shortness of breath.
   • Chronic bronchitis: Often caused by smoking or prolonged exposure to irritants.
   • Postnasal drip (upper airway cough syndrome): Accompanied by a sensation of mucus in the throat.
   • Infections: Persistent cough following a viral illness or due to tuberculosis.
   • GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease): Acid reflux irritating the throat.
2. Environmental/Behavioral factors:
   • Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.
   • Allergies to dust, pollen, or mold.
   • Occupational irritants (e.g., chemicals, fumes).
3. Other conditions:
   • Medication-induced: ACE inhibitors used for high blood pressure.
   • Serious conditions: Lung cancer or interstitial lung disease (often with weight loss, fatigue, or blood in sputum).

When to Seek Professional Help

You should consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

• Persistent cough lasting over 8 weeks, without improvement.
• Symptoms of concern, like unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or coughing up blood.
• Severe symptoms, such as chest pain, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.
• History of chronic diseases like asthma, COPD, or GERD worsening.
• High fever or signs of infection.