Diarrhea

Christopher Hobbs:

“Diarrhea can be caused by many factors, such as intestinal infections, parasites, or irritable bowel syndromes. Prolonged diarrhea can lead to loss of mineral electrolytes and dehydration.”

Etiologic and Contributing Factors to Diarrhea

1. Infectious causes: Viruses (e.g., norovirus, rotavirus), bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella), and parasites (e.g., Giardia).
2. Dietary issues: Food intolerances (e.g., lactose intolerance), food allergies, or consumption of contaminated food/water.
3. Medications: Antibiotics (causing dysbiosis), laxatives, or certain medications like NSAIDs.
4. Chronic conditions: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
5. Stress or anxiety: Can stimulate the gut, leading to diarrhea.
6. Other medical conditions: Hyperthyroidism, celiac disease, or malabsorption disorders.

Signs to Seek Professional Help

• Severe dehydration (e.g., excessive thirst, dry mouth, reduced urination).
• Persistent diarrhea lasting more than 2 days in adults or 24 hours in children.
• High fever (above 101°F/38.5°C).
• Blood, mucus, or pus in stool.
• Severe abdominal pain or cramps.
• Recent travel to areas with high risk of infections (e.g., traveler’s diarrhea).
• Diarrhea accompanied by dizziness, fainting, or confusion.
• Chronic diarrhea (lasting more than 4 weeks).