Throat, sore–acute

Christopher Hobs:

“Sore throat is a common symptom that is associated with a number of both common, self-limiting and serious diseases, especially viral or bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract.”

Etiologic Factors of Sore Throat

A sore throat can result from various causes, broadly categorized as:

1. Infectious Causes:
   • Viral infections: Common cold, flu, mononucleosis, or COVID-19.
   • Bacterial infections: Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) or tonsillitis.
   • Fungal infections: Candida (in immunocompromised individuals).
2. Non-Infectious Causes:
   • Allergies (e.g., pollen, dust).
   • Irritants (e.g., smoke, pollution, or chemicals).
   • Dry air or dehydration.
   • Acid reflux (GERD).
   • Voice strain or trauma to the throat.

When to Seek Professional Help

Look for these signs to decide whether to consult a healthcare provider:

• Severe symptoms: Extreme pain, inability to swallow, or difficulty breathing.
• Prolonged symptoms: Sore throat lasting longer than 7–10 days.
• High fever: Persistent fever over 101°F (38.3°C).
• Swollen lymph nodes: Especially if they are tender or increasing in size.
• White patches or pus: On the tonsils or back of the throat (could indicate strep throat).
• Rash: Accompanying the sore throat (may suggest scarlet fever).
• Hoarseness: Lasting longer than two weeks.
• Weak immune system: For individuals with chronic illnesses or immunosuppressive conditions.